輝煌與毀滅:談 Janis Joplin 與六○年代的反文化

紐約時報樂評人 Ann Powers ,在一九九三年由 Columbia/Legacy 系列出品的 Janis Joplin 三張一套的專輯「 Janis 」內頁說明如此說道: 「對我們這個世代來說,也就是所謂受 Janis 啟發,而將她視為爭取自由象徵的人來說,總像活在一種倖存者的罪惡感中。那原因就是,我們疑問著,我們究竟是她自我毀滅的共謀者,還是從中獲利了?就像其他的戰爭一般,六○年代的文化交鋒,戰火熊熊,讓真實的人付出了犧牲的代價,這是絕不可否認的。然而最後將 Janis Joplin 的死作為爭取多元文化的落幕,甚至是反對基進極端的藉口,實在是太小看她的生命以及音樂了!事實上,即使是反烏托邦主義一樣要付出代價:我們若無法感受最深沈的渴望,最後終將失去所有感覺。連憤怒都可以只是麻木而已。」
八○年代中期我赴美求學。飛到威斯康欣州麥迪遜城第一天,接機的朋友開著車,沿著校園馬路逐一介紹:這是被氣象人放過炸彈的物理館,這是以前不檢查證件時,遊民會進入的紀念圖書館,這是嬉皮群居的人民公社 …… 。下車時,她加強語氣,提醒我圖書館的開放時間將大量縮減,因為由雷根執政的共和黨當政,新保守主義氣氛瀰漫全美,教育預算被大幅刪減,我們學校一樣遭受池魚之殃,無法倖免。

彼時台灣尚未解嚴,天真的我連左右派都搞不清楚。然而數年後,我自然而然地融入麥迪遜校區文化,搬進了人民公社,與一群每天穿蠟染長衫,蓄著長髮(說真的,我常分不清楚他們的性別),抽大麻,彈吉他的屋友為伍。我們每天細心地閱讀幾頁紐約時報,一起罵共和黨,罵雷根的失憶症。週末時,我與滿臉落腮鬍的 Josh 開著那輛佈滿鏽斑,破得快要解體,像一顆大饅頭的 Volkswagen 九人小巴,到最便宜的超級市場去買食物,為大家煮大鍋菜。
這樣的我,回國以後看了「阿甘正傳」,心中感受只能以「悲涼」二字形容。那嗑著藥,彈著吉他,高唱愛與和平的女主角,不就是在影射,甚至嘲諷 Janis Joplin 以及那個世代受到她啟發的女人嗎?編劇將她描寫成放蕩不羈的浪女,其下場就是罹患愛滋病的「現世報」。六八年的那場華府反越戰大示威,在電影中被搞成一場鬧劇,一個大笑話,連反戰大將 Abby Hoffman 看起來都像個「俗辣」。真的是這樣嗎?

九○年代初期,台灣經濟仍盛,印尼風暴尚未引起台股重挫。坐在戲院中,如此尖酸刻薄,無情到極點的電影,周圍卻是一群哈哈大笑的觀眾。夾在其中,我困惑且尷尬地自問:勝利者真的如同電影情節,屬於「國軍英雄」阿甘嗎?還是如 Ann Powers 所言,當妳處於濃厚的新保守主義氣氛時,「連憤怒都可以只是麻木而已」?
隨著年紀漸長, Janis Joplin 的套裝西低放在電視旁邊的櫃中,越來越不常拿出來聽。直至收到「 Cheap Thrills 」黑膠唱片那一天,看到美國地下漫畫大師 Robert Crumb 為這張專輯所畫的生動封面,那過往的記憶,才一點一滴重新浮現。「 Cheap Thrills 」的封面以漫畫分格的方式,用趣味橫生的圖像,喜感十足的動物或人物,介紹每首歌曲以及出場的歌手與樂手,上方正中央「 I need a man to love 」一曲的圖畫,相當典型地反映出 Robert Crumb 的偏好:充滿性魅力而又強壯的女人,而那就不就是 Janis Joplin 嗎?

一九六八年二月 Janis Joplin 偕同 Big Brother& The Holding company 樂團與哥倫比亞唱片公司簽約時, Robert Crumb 仍只是個知名度不高的漫畫家而已。他於前一年在舊金山創辦地下漫畫雜誌「 Zap Comix 」,在當地知名的嬉皮區街頭擺路邊攤,賣自己印刷的作品。

Robert Crumb 不但是個漫畫家,同時也是 bluegrass 與老爵士樂迷、七十八轉唱片的蒐藏者和唱片封面設計家。令人訝異的是,極為內向害羞 Crumb ,還是一流的斑鳩琴與曼陀林琴的彈奏高手呢!作為老唱片忠實的擁護者, Robert Crumb 自組樂團發行第一張唱片時,居然採取七十八轉的老規格!

Janis Joplin 、 Big Brother& The Holding Company 與 Robert Crumb 都曾經是灣區「反文化」( Counter Culture )的重要標記,而「 Cheap Thrills 」正是這三路人馬的心血結晶。來自德州的 Janis Joplin 承襲了藍調女歌手 Bessie Smith 宏亮的嗓音,她熟練地呼喊與嘶吼,唱出生命苦痛,以激情擁抱聽眾。 Big Brother& The Holding Company 的成員則深受 Sun Ra, John Coltrane 與 Pharoah Sanders 自由爵士樂影響,刻意用電子樂器的迴路製造迷幻效果。尤其是吉他手 Jim Curley ,硬式搖滾、印度音樂、即興爵士,無一不精通,有「西岸第一快手」之稱。至於 Robert Crumb ,以樸拙的簡單線條,結合黑色幽默及諷刺的概念,畫出一頁頁的小人物狂想曲。他創辦的「 Zap Comix 」漫畫連載「 Fritz the Cat 」,曾被 Ralph Bakshi 搬上銀幕。這一部曾讓主流媒體大驚失色的鹹濕卡通片,以 Fritz 這隻好色貓的奇遇記為主軸,配角則是鎮壓狂歡派對的豬警察,以及參與派對的牛朋友,活脫就是 Crumb 的性幻想加上當時嬉皮生活的剪影。

製作人 John Simon 原本無意發行 Janis Joplin 與 Big Brother& The Holding Company 巡迴演出的現場專輯,因為他覺得音樂品質還不夠好,但 Janis 極具魅力地演出,成功地揉合了藍調演唱與迷幻搖滾,已經在全美各地掀起狂瀾,唱片行與樂迷著急的詢問電話如潮水般湧向哥倫比亞唱片公司。於是,在總裁 Clive Davis 一聲令下,「 Cheap Thrills 」於六八年八月正式發行,不到一個月就狂銷了一百萬張,理所當然地登上了銷售排行榜冠軍。這措手不及的大成功,卻導致讓 Janis Joplin 與 Big Brother& The Holding Company 之間的嫌隙,終至分道揚鑣。就像所有的大樂團一樣,樂手總是責怪歌手搶了他們的風采。 Janis Joplin 身穿山貓毛大衣,戴著藍色玻璃眼鏡,羽毛頭飾、長串的珠寶項鍊與色彩斑斕的喇叭褲,很快地成為年輕人競相模仿的時髦景觀。而她語出驚人的暢快言論,身體力行的性愛哲學,更成為當時媒體描述美國反叛文化的重要元素。
最諷刺的是,即使「 Cheap Thrills 」如此輝煌地展現 Janis Joplin 與 Big Brother& The Holding Company 的音樂魅力,讓當時生機蓬勃的灣區反文化閃亮發光,但最終的贏家,卻仍屬於當時選擇簽下他們的哥倫比亞唱片公司。

一九七○年當 Janis Joplin 的生命即將走向終端時,她每天早晨起床,以兩杯雙份的 Jack Daniel 威士忌配海洛英當早餐。她快樂嗎?她覺得自己漂亮嗎?她對自己的巨星生涯滿意嗎?沒有人知道。

同年十月四日,就在聽完最後一張專輯「 Pearl 」的配樂成品「 Buried Alive in the Blues 」隔天,她就因為嗑藥過量,死於洛杉磯旅館中,如此終結了 Janis 雲霄飛車式的一生。然而, Janis 的魅力並沒有隨之終止,那曾被視為充滿生機的反文化, 載浮載沈地渡過流行化藍調與迪斯可當道的七○年代,綿延至八○年代共和黨執政後,終於,劃上休止符。

留言

  1. 寫的真棒
    真高興小威也開了blog
    沒想到你真的住過人民公社!

    鐵志

    回覆刪除
  2. 小威老师,您好,我是Jazz新手,希望多多指教!

    记得以前看Alan Parker的"Midnight Special"中,男女主人公在报纸上看到Janis的死讯,男主角说:“她是最棒的歌手”,当时心里百感交集,没有人能继承她的嗓音,Melissa Etheridge?

    回覆刪除
  3. 嗯…
    聽Janis Joplin 的音樂會令人心悸

    回覆刪除
  4. 謝謝你的介紹
    讓我更加暸解了Janis Joplin
    可惜太晚認識她的音樂...

    回覆刪除
  5. Ma voglio commentare a pochi generali cose , pattern è perfetto , il argomento sferragliare eccellente : D .

    回覆刪除
  6. I concepirai questo sito ha ottenuto contiene alcune molto buono Info per tutti. . " i sogni di un uomo sono un indice per la sua grandezza . " by Zadok Rabinwitz .

    回覆刪除
  7. jag egentligen njuta undersöka på denna sida, det har bra blogginlägg. . "Se till att din ångest för att undvika krig du skaffa en mästare." av Demosthenes

    回覆刪除
  8. I was looking at some of your articles on this website and I think this internet site is really instructive! Keep on posting .

    回覆刪除
  9. hej , I love ! ditt skrivande så mycket ! aktie vi hålla en korrespondens extra om din artikeln på AOL? Jag behöver expert på detta området nysta mitt problem. Kanske det är dig! Att ha en look framåt to peer dig.

    回覆刪除
  10. F * ckin \'häftigt saker här. Jag är mycket nöjda att se din artikel . Tack så mycket och jag är ta en titt framåt till kontakt dig. Kommer du vänligt släpp mig en post ?

    回覆刪除
  11. Alcuni veramente veramente bello e utili Info su questo sito , altrettanto I pensare di style è grandi funzionalità .

    回覆刪除
  12. Devi accennato più interessanti dettagli! Ps bello sito web . . "Odio la musica, soprattutto quando è suonato." da Jimmy Durante

    回覆刪除
  13. Ciao mia familiare ! I desiderio di dire che questo article è impressionante , grande circa vitali informazioni . Avevo come to peer Extra messaggi come questo.

    回覆刪除
  14. Ciao fresco sito! Uomo .. Eccellente .. Meravigliosa .. farò bookmark tuo blog e prendere i feed inoltre Sono soddisfatto trovare un sacco di info qui in pubblicare , vogliamo lavorare Extra tecniche questo proposito, grazie grazie per la condivisione.

    回覆刪除
  15. eccellenti tutto, è solo acquisito a emblema nuovo lettore. Quali potreste ti suggerire chi tuo inoltrare che hai appena fatto alcuni fa ? Qualsiasi certo?

    回覆刪除
  16. We use ESX5 together with Home windows Storage space Hardware ISCSI goals without any issues. I assume "mileage may well vary" does apply below.

    回覆刪除
  17. Even if the small print notifys you may p2p, the truth that you're avoided through managing the item (short of editing start-up within msconfig) continues to be a crucial matter.

    回覆刪除
  18. do they offer a a type of detector wherein this talk spouse can never understand that i actually made use of surveillance cams recorder? only ensuring right here.

    回覆刪除
  19. Apple inc wants introducing it has the goods without a number of capabilities purposefully. In order to exercise . of those attributes with following let go and individuals can get the newest model.
    . -= Nabeel's continue website... How you can admin get access with personal managed hubpages website =-.

    回覆刪除
  20. I use iphoto concerning our wife's imac and our macbook. It's my job to download the actual pics on my mac-book, work with all of them, after that foreign trade these people employing a UNIVERSAL SERIES BUS for you to free up hard drive in the notebook computer. Do they offer a way to do this specific together with "dropbox" using the finder of the bird?

    回覆刪除
  21. remorseful, although no . d nI once imagined as if you performed, nevertheless I know considerably better so what now many people (the Obama folks along with the media wanting to assist reelect him) are undertaking. it does not matter the number of income tax types Romney lets out; will probably be explained he / she should discharge considerably more. they may in that case cherry-pick items of info on Romney's excellent wealthand yes, your dog is wealthy. what exactly? and they'll fascinate the annoyed with your partner folks who trust Obama's about to fork out their particular loan along with put it for the rich guy. some remarkable siquiera would want to notice Obama's university transcripts. just about any chance of which transpiring? I'll paraphrase a person. "Either Obama is actually covering up a thing, or even he considers pigheadedness is a much more presidential quality when compared with visibility along with integrity. In any event, he is wrongly recognized. inches n Will you be nonetheless cheating on your own fees, Mister. Kass? Needless to say you happen to be since you refuses to release your current taxation assessments and entire financial documents. Ask how that works?

    回覆刪除
  22. plz help me to be able to download LG ELECTRONICS R400 XNote New driver computer software.

    回覆刪除
  23. likely learn at this point that will Microsoft windows 6 Customer Preview was released lately. This is just what Microsoft will be betting their very own foreseeable future with, merging their very own Provided Apple's "Vista" (ie. Lion), this may always be value a look.

    回覆刪除
  24. Effectively iPad is a expensive program yet. Although truthfully just a squander of your hard-earned cash
    . -= NpXp's last weblog... Exactly how To not Receive Banned Through Yahoo or google Adsense =-.

    回覆刪除
  25. In all honesty, My partner and i failed to be expecting like apple ipad tablet from Apple inc.
    . -= Aminul Islamic Sajib's continue blog... Yahoo PageRank Current: AISajib. com is Now PR3! =-.

    回覆刪除
  26. good, required to understand this particular since ive been wanting to small sample a number of points coming from dvd and metacafe Cool, some good details! We appreciate an individual making these kind of thought processes accessible, other internet site can also be premium quality. Have a enjoyable.

    回覆刪除
  27. Good hard work with this Donald. One thing concerning Yext that may be worth bringing up: if some of the spouse web sites posseses own position which has been obtained property of after that which data usually takes priority.

    回覆刪除

張貼留言

這個網誌中的熱門文章

歐洲爵士歷史

「ECM式」的音樂?

庖丁解牛、游刃有餘的真功夫